Is a mixture of several metals natural salts silica Kalmagnseyoum, calcium and iron are found on the body rocks and is extracted from mines, particularly in South Africa and South Finland and Russia and is broken by crushing private then milled until fibers small does not see with the naked eye and are Tabotha and transferred to countries World 0
Asbestos characterized many features including: -
1 - It is a high-rigidity, light non-flammable, heat resistant Muammar acids.
2 - It is also an ideal insulator for heat and electricity 0
3 - has a property mixing with other materials such as cement.
Second: - What are the types of asbestos
Asbestos three types are: -
1 - blue asbestos, known as crocidolite
2 - asbestos structures and known as a Muset
3 - white asbestos known as chrysotile
And characterized by both type I and II that the fibers straight and dry and brittle and are the most dangerous types of asbestos, the type III فيتميز that fibers corrugated and flexible, which is less harmful than previous two types 0
Note that it can not distinguish between the three types the naked eye as a result because the colors are affected by age, temperature and mixing with other materials 0
Third: - uses of asbestos
The properties and features that characterized the asbestos has been combined with other materials in many industries including: -
1. Insulators: - isolated in the pipes and bricks and cement asbestos insulation
2. Textiles: - in the manufacture of gloves, blankets and protective clothing
3. Building & Construction companies: - in the production of building materials, fire-resistant, soundproof and heat and restoration materials 0
4. In automotive brakes and gears
5. In electrical wiring
6. Hair Dryers
7. Hot water tanks
8. Shipbuilding
9. Power units and refineries and home baking ovens
(Noting that he started now replacing asbestos with other material is glass wool)
Fourth: - diseases caused by asbestos and symptoms
Asbestos causes many diseases and serious, including: -
- Inflammation of the membrane Crystal may not cause pain but cause concern.
- Inflation cavity a disease that causes pain and difficulty in breathing and impairs lung function.
- Lung fibrosis "ossification respiratory" which known disease Alospstozs a disease leads to a decline in the right part of the heart due to higher pressure pulmonary circulation which may be accompanied by coughs.
- Cavity cancer - a pleural - This disease has no cure yet.
- Pleural effusion (which is known as water on the lung).
- Cancer of the larynx, stomach, intestine and rectum.
- Skin نتؤات.
- And usually do not start these symptoms to emerge before 10 years of exposure to asbestos dust may appear much after this period up to 40 years or more, because asbestos fibers remain in the lung for life.
The symptoms include the following: -
1 - shortness of breath and usually appears with the effort then becomes lieutenant during rest.
2 - a persistent cough with spitting.
3 - chronic stress.
4 - the failure of the left pane of the heart muscle as a result of high pressure pulmonary circulation cause lung fibrosis, which leads to swelling of the body.
Fifth: - How to asbestos disease
- Cause asbestos disease if been inhaled Oaptlall where person inhales without feeling that the small size of asbestos fibers
- And I've had exposure to asbestos fibers occurs only in factories and thus get people working on them but now after what has become of asbestos used in construction materials became exposure to these fibers in schools, homes and public buildings such as hospitals, when refractive this article Vtaattaar asbestos fibers in the air of the spread in the atmosphere, which affects the human health, especially children
- And have found that the incidence of diseases caused by asbestos depends on several factors such as: -
The concentration of asbestos fibers in the air.
Shape and size of these fibers.
Response to the same person.
Duration of exposure.
Flexible فالألياف and is in custody in corrugated upper respiratory passages (nose and pharynx, larynx and trachea) and is expelled through the mucous cilia and if you arrive not cause lung tumor 0
The fiber straight land they lined up in the direction of the air to reach deep into the lungs and cause malignant tumor 0
- But is worth mentioning that all the asbestos fibers in general cause fibrosis of the lung so it's creating tumors and Catalyst 0
- In addition to the asbestos fibers merge with Alkmoyat toxic carcinogens such as those found in cigarettes leads to increased incidence of malignant tumors, studies have shown that citizens exposed to fibers Aalocepctos more susceptible to lung cancer incidence for others 0
Chapter II
Local and international legislation to protect the environment and ban the use of asbestos
First: international legislation
Asbestos agreement
International Labour Office issued a convention in 1986 Convention No. 162, known as the Convention on asbestos 0
This agreement has banned the use of this material in general and in the case of extreme necessity to use and put exception conditions and special preventive measures to protect the environment and their employees and provided boiled in materials 0
- Stipulating article (10), including the full and partial ban to use and replace them with other materials harmless or less harmful 0
- The article also banned (12) of sprayed asbestos in all its forms due to gravity.
- And came Article (17) stipulating that the demolition of factories or buildings containing asbestos but by specialists Tqarham contractors power and to preserve the environment from pollution caused by asbestos dust in the air 0
- Did not overlook the Convention waste resulting from this article stipulates disposal to cause a health risk to workers or the population in the vicinity of these institutions and in Article (19), including 0
Second: local legislation
- Insert the Egyptian Social Insurance Law No. (79) of 1975 as amended by Law No. 25 of 1977 asbestos disease within schedule of occupational diseases (1) 0
- The Unified Labor Law No. (12) for the year 2003, stressing the protection of employees from hazardous substances stipulating Article (211) of your door locks work environment that is committed to the facility and its subsidiaries provide risk prevention chemical resulting from dealing with a chemical known solid, liquid and gaseous taking into account Several factors, such as not exceeding the maximum extent permitted by these materials especially carcinogens, not to exceed the quantities stored them authorized by law, provide the necessary precautions to protect the facility and workers at transport and storage and handling and use of these materials as well as the command when disposing of their waste, train workers ways of dealing with these materials particularly carcinogenic and introduce them to the risks and methods of prevention, including asbestos intervention in many industries and add other Elihamwad and this is chemically pursuant Since she carcinogens thus applies to the text of this article
- Under article (219) of the same law in your door to social services and health facility on the periodic inspection daily in each patrol work on the premises, especially dangerous of them, to discover occupational hazards and work on prevention and certainly there is no more dangerous than the substance causing injury cancer 0
- At your door inspections in the field of safety and occupational health and the working environment law put control of facilities and gave them some of the powers which they are entitled to, such as: -
Perform some medical examinations for workers to make sure appropriate working conditions, taking samples of materials used or traded in industrial processes which may have an impact on the health of the workers or the working environment for analysis and to identify the effects of use, and be the competent administrative authority on the report Jhazatvic safety and occupational health and the working environment is close established wholly or partially in the case of a threat to the health of workers or the safety of the work environment until your reasons danger and that's what happened in the Egyptian Company Spanish Mentajat asbestos "Aura Egypt" which have been closed for Ugodkhtr on employees because of this Article the company and not to take the measures stipulated by the law to protect workers or the measures stipulated by the Convention on asbestos asbestos 0
- Put special legislation to protect the environment from pollution was issued in 1994 Law No. (4) on the protection of the environment in general from any contamination stipulating Article (33) of the Act to compel those involved in the production or trading of hazardous materials, whether in gaseous, liquid or Hard to take all precautions to ensure that no damage to the environment. Security as well as obliging them to deal with hazardous waste and keep a record of it. However, we found waste asbestos dumped behind factory Egyptian Spanish asbestos products "Aura Egypt," which have an adverse effect on the environment and their employees as a result of flying asbestos fibers by wind, according to a report preview conducted by a committee of specialists at the Ministry of Health and Population of the company 0
- As if the item (34) and placed conditions of the site, which is held by any project that is suitable for the establishment activity and not exceed inter Milothath in the air limit law, which means that these facilities are far from residential areas and contaminants resulting for exceeding the limit legally 0
- Kmalzimt Article (43) the owner to take the necessary precautions and measures to not leak or emission of air pollutants within the workplace only to the extent permitted by law and provide protection for workers 0
Chapter III
Actions taken by some countries to counter the threat of asbestos:
- In Britain have been banned from importation and use of two types of blue and brown in 1985 and in 1999 was banned all uses 0
- In France have been banned from use in 1996 0
- In Germany have been banned from use in 1996 0
- In Qtraam 1992 the Customs Administration announced import ban asbestos in all its forms and in application of the provisions of Article (1) of the decision of the Minister of Finance and Petroleum item No. (18) since 1992
- In Saudi Arabia Ministry of Commerce issued a decree banning import thermal paper genitive asbestos to prove that the substance causes of cancer, said in a statement that it cost the General Department for Combating Commercial Fraud searching for thermal paper in the Saudi market and samples of it for examination and testing to make sure it is free of this article.
- The Turkey prevention French aircraft carrier "Clemenceau" from entering its territorial waters because they contain asbestos, according to the Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement that the entry of waste containing asbestos, which is within the hazardous waste to Turkey is prohibited under the Convention "Basel" to monitor and control on Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.
- In Canada, removed thousands of schools intended for the numbers of the quick construction and few Almsqovh asbestos boards.
In the United States there are stringent legislation to reduce Astkhaddamalocepctos were closed companies producing, and there U.S. study prepared by the Environmental Working Group (a research firm based in Washington) in which she says that 10 000 Americans die each year due to diseases related to asbestos and that in the past the next 10 will die more than 100 thousand people and stressed that although the majority of the deaths were of workers employed in the manufacture of asbestos for decades, more than one million people are now to asbestos in their work and millions of others in the environment, and among the recommendations of this group issued an immediate moratorium on asbestos and conduct health checks at Federal and fair assistance to victims of exposure to it.
A ruling was issued to liquidate all manufacturers of asbestos and the development of output filter in a special account to compensate victims of these companies and has already found that all manufacturers of this article may have closed, but most of that body responsible for overseeing the liquidation of asbestos companies and fund management resulting announces that it has there is compensation for some individuals Egyptian affected by damage due to asbestos produced by these companies, not America alone that has been the liquidation of such companies and closed its doors, but that the same thing happened in Canada too, as published medical news that this study pointed out that the Environmental Working Group adopted In this study, government data on asbestos-related deaths during the 25 years examined deaths from asbestos disease and tumor epithelial average a cancerous disease that affects the epithelial cells in the lung, heart or abdomen.
In addition to the U.S. Congress said after viewing the many studies that there is no security allowed for exposure to asbestos fibers because they fibers very dangerous especially on children 0
- In Australia, occurred a major scandal called scandal of asbestos and saw how voices affected by asbestos resound in the media have described lawyer Steve Blunkett, who كلت him hundreds of cases of workers who have died from exposure to this substance as the biggest industrial disaster ever known Australian history so far, and in in 1995 released a book titled "bomb asbestos ticking" by George Rag, who was an employee in a shop near the station of electric power of the Department of Electricity government Australia is using thousands of tons of asbestos have died author of this book, but left a draft of another book entitled "Legacy of Evil "describes the destruction of 3 to blow up power plants is contaminated with asbestos in the nineties and this means that the environment in which they live by the residents of four areas surrounded by these stations, which destroyed contaminated contaminated dust may cause the emergence of diseases, including in the coming years.
- The United Nations decided Overhauling large in its building in New York because the asbestos and put cost $ 500 million minimum and $ 1800 million maximum.
- This is in addition to statistical carried out by the International Labour Organization and that the death of 100 thousand Ahs at least in the world because of their exposure to asbestos and now leads mesothelioma annually to the death of 3000 people in America and around 5000 people in Europe note that the figures likely to rise in the coming years 0
- Also prepared secretarial international ban a point coordinator of the International Conference on asbestos for meetings with him in Europe (England, Belgium, Holland, Scotland) panel discussion on asbestos in coordination with trade unions and victims of asbestos and academic institutions in June 2001 The recommendations of this seminar the following: -
1 - Support and upheld national and local networks and global definition and registration sources occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos and provide financial and practical support for the effort for this purpose 0
2 - continuous supply of people at risk of Palmaloma minute about the dangers of asbestos and its products 0
3 - the development and application of technologies for treating waste containing asbestos 0
4 - rejected exemptions for current and future use of asbestos such as allowing its use for the production of chlorine 0
5 - compensate affected by the diseases asbestos-related 0
6 - the imposition and application of legislation that confirms that the institutions of the European Union (EU) are guilty of exposing EU workers and the public as well as the environment of the dangers of asbestos.
Asbestos-definition
First: what this article?!
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق